PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) affects 7-10% of women of reproductive age. A healthy diet / eating plan for PCOS and weight loss if you are overweight are two of the main things you can do to improve your PCOS symptoms. The main symptoms of PCOS are
Being overweight, or noticing a sudden increase in weight. High levels of insulin in the blood can make it harder to lose weight because it encourages the body to store fat. Some women also experience depression, self esteem problems and fatigue which contribute to being overweight. Changing the amount and types of food you eat and being physically active (with your GP's approval) can help with weight loss. Losing weight will also improve insulin resistance and many of the other symptoms of PCOS.
Irregular periods. This is caused by the higher levels of insulin and male hormones which disrupt the hormonal cycle that regulates the menstrual cycle and ovulation. Sometimes periods become less frequent, or sometimes stop alltogether. Some women also experience very heavy periods.
Excess hair on face and body, often in a male pattern and sometimes hair loss on the head. This is caused by the higher levels of male hormones produced in the ovary, which results from insulin resistance.
Acne. This is also caused by the higher levels of male hormones produced in the ovary, which results from insulin resistance.
Fatigue. Women with PCOS very often complain of fatigue. There can be many reasons for this including being overweight, not getting good quality sleep because of sleep apnoea, having low iron levels because of heavy periods, feeling depressed and having impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Your GP will be able to help you determine the cause of your fatigue and some ways to treat it.
Difficulty getting pregnant. This is mainly because of the disrupted menstrual cycle and less frequent ovulation. Some women with PCOS also have other problems affecting the risk of getting pregnant including reduced egg quality, and a higher risk of miscarriage. It is still possible for women with PCOS to get pregnant, but some women will need medical assistance.
Depression and anxiety. Women with PCOS appear to be at higher risk of anxiety and depression which can impact on their overall quality of life. If you feel depressed or anxious you should discuss this with your GP as there are many effective treatments available.
As you can see, the majority of PCOS symptoms are caused by the underlying insulin resistance. This is why weight loss, a healthy diet and being physically active are the first things recommended to treat PCOS.
Claire Daly is an Accredited Practising Dietitian / Accredited Nutritionist who works with women and families. She has particular interest in working with women who have PCOS (Claire has PCOS herself), fertility problems or who are wanting to achieve a healthy weight and good health prior to and during pregnancy. Claire has her own private practice in Melbourne. For more information visit www.eatwell.com.au
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